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Pleural Mesothelioma Explained

Pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer that develops in the pleura, the thin lining that covers the lungs and chest cavity. It is caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral that was once widely used in construction and other industries. Asbestos fibers can become embedded in the pleura and cause inflammation and scarring. Over time, this can lead to the development of mesothelioma tumors.

There are different types of mesothelioma, but pleural mesothelioma is the most common, accounting for about 70% of cases. Other types of mesothelioma can affect the lining of the abdomen (peritoneal mesothelioma), the lining of the heart (pericardial mesothelioma), and the lining of the testicles (tunica vaginalis mesothelioma).

What are the Symptoms of Pleural Mesothelioma?

The symptoms of pleural mesothelioma can vary depending on the stage of the cancer and where it is located. Early symptoms may include:

Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Dry cough
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss

As the cancer progresses, symptoms may become more severe and may include:

Difficulty breathing
Difficulty swallowing
Pain in the shoulder or back
Swelling in the face or neck
Accumulation of fluid in the chest (pleural effusion)

How is Pleural Mesothelioma Diagnosed?

If you have any of the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma, it is important to see a doctor right away. The doctor may ask about your medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also order imaging tests, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, to look for signs of cancer.

If the imaging tests show a suspicious area, the doctor may order a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope.

Are their Treatments for Pleural Mesothelioma?

As of 2023, here is no cure for pleural mesothelioma, but there are treatments that can help to control the cancer and improve symptoms. Treatment options include:

Surgery: Surgery may be an option if the cancer is early stage and has not spread beyond the pleura. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the cancer as possible.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It can be used to shrink tumors, relieve pain, and control the growth of cancer.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be used to treat pleural mesothelioma that has spread beyond the pleura or that has recurred after surgery or radiation therapy.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that helps the body's own immune system fight cancer cells. It is a relatively new treatment for pleural mesothelioma, but it has shown promise in clinical trials.

Prognosis for Pleural Mesothelioma

The prognosis for pleural mesothelioma is generally poor. The five-year survival rate for all stages of pleural mesothelioma is low.

How to Prevent Pleural Mesothelioma?

The best way to prevent pleural mesothelioma is to avoid exposure to asbestos. If you work in an industry where you may be exposed to asbestos, it is important to take precautions to protect yourself, such as wearing a respirator and avoiding contact with asbestos-containing materials.